锘? Q: I own a small decorating business and I?ll be the first
to admit that I don?t know anything about taxes or retirement plans. I?d like to
set up a 401(k) or an IRA or some other kind of retirement plan for me and my
three employees. What are the various retirement plan options available for a
small business owner and in your opinion
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A: Wanda, I appreciate your confidence in my humble opinion, but asking me for
financial advice is like asking Donald Trump for a recommendation on hair care
products. I can tell you what works best for me and my business, but you?ll need
to do your homework and seek professional advice to figure out what would work
best for you. As a side note, I hear that Donald Trump is coming out with his
own line of hair care product soon to be called ?Big Head.? The formula is 1
mousse, 1 liquid nails, and 98 to air. It should be a big seller among the high
brow, comb-over crowd. Here?s my best advice on retirement plans: find yourself
a financial advisor (or financial planner) who is has experience working with
small businesses and have him or her explain the options available and make a
recommendation as to the type of plan best suited for you and your business.
When I say ?financial advisor? I?m not talking about your know-it-all
brother-in-law or your accountant. I?m talking about a broker or financial
planner (or other licensed professional) who has a proven track record of making
his clients money and is an expert on IRAs
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401(k)s, mutual funds, etc. The best way to find a good financial advisor is to
ask for referrals from your most successful friends and associates. Find the
richest, stingiest man in town and ask who his advisor is. Meet with several
advisors, explain your situation, and ask for their recommendations. You should
also make sure the advisor is a good fit for your personality and your business.
If all goes well you will be doing business with this person for many years to
come, so make sure the relationship feels comfortable to you and that you are
confident in the advisor?s ability to manage your money. Let me give you a quick
overview of a few of the retirement plans available to small businesses so you
at least have an idea of what?s out there before you start your search for a
good financial advisor. As a small business you basically have three types of
retirement plans that you can take advantage of: the Self-Employed 401(k); the
Simplified Employee Pension Plan or SEP IRA, and the Savings Incentive Match
Plan for Employees or SIMPLE IRA. Each allows you to make pre-tax contributions
to the plan
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and lessen your taxable income by the amount of the contribution. Your
investments also grow tax-deferred until withdrawal. A Self-Employed 401(k) is
an option for self-employed individuals or business owners with no employees
other than a spouse. The business can be a sole proprietorship, a partnership,
or a corporation, including S corps. You can make salary deferrals to this type
of plan of up to $14,000 for 2005. Next is the Simplified Employee Pension Plan
or SEP IRA. A SEP is an option if you earn a self-employed income from a full or
part time business, even if you are covered by a retirement plan at your
fulltime job. A SEP allows you to contribute up to 25 f earned income, up to
$41,000 for 2004 and $42
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retirement plan is the Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees or SIMPLE IRA.
The SIMPLE IRA was created to make it easier for small businesses with 100 or
fewer employees to offer a tax-advantaged, company sponsored retirement plan.
With a SIMPLE IRA you and your eligible employees may contribute up to 3 f
earned income (with a maximum contribution of $10,000) on a pre-tax basis to
individual SIMPLE IRAs. You must deduct Social Security and Medicaid from your
gross income, but you can then make your SIMPLE IRA contribution before other
taxes are levied, effectively lowering your taxable income. As the employer you
must make ?matching? or ?non-elective? contributions into your employees? SIMPLE
IRA accounts. Matching contributions means that the business matches the
elective deferral contributions made by employees. For example, if the employee
opts to contribute 3 f his salary to the plan, the employer must match the 3
contribution. At first you might cringe at matching your employees?
contributions, but as the business owner and an employee yourself this can be
great news. As an employee of your own business you can contribute up to
$10
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business can then match your contribution dollar-for-dollar, which means that
you can put up to $20,000 in tax free dollars into the plan per year. The cost
of the contributions is also deductible as a business expense. The non-elective
contribution option requires that the company contribute 2 f every employee?s
earned income to the plan on the employee?s behalf regardless of whether or not
the employee contributes to the plan himself. For 2005 the maximum contribution
you would be required to make is $4,200. Like a traditional IRA, you can
withdraw money from a SIMPLE IRA at any time; however distributions within the
first two years of participation are subject to higher early withdrawal
penalties than traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs. Withdrawals within the first two
years are subject to a 25 aryl withdrawal penalty. Withdrawals taken after the
first two years are subject to a 10 aryl withdrawal penalty. As the employer,
the advantages of a SIMPLE IRA include: company contributions to the plan are
tax deductible as a business expense; plan documents are simple and easy to
administer; administration costs are low; and there is no government reporting
required by the employer. The advantages of a SIMPLE IRA for your employees
include: contributions are immediately 100 ested; contributions and ea.